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Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, inwieweit Berufe auch ohne abgeschlossene Ausbildung oder mit einem fachfremden Abschluss ausgeübt werden. Eine entsprechende Öffnung von Berufen kann eine Chance für verschiedene Bevölkerungsgruppen darstellen, die sonst erschwerten Zugang zum Beschäftigungssystem haben. Jedoch wirft dies auch Fragen zur Qualität und Attraktivität von Berufen auf. Mögliche Folgen werden abschließend erörtert.

Gleich zwei Beiträge aus namhafter Feder bzw. berufenem Mund nehmen in diesen Tagen die berufliche Bildung ins Visier. Bundespräsident Johannes Rau hat Mitte Juli in Berlin dargelegt, was er sich unter einer zeitgemäßen Bildung vorstellt. Manches korrespondiert mit der Eröffnungsrede von Maria Jepsen, Bischöfin für Hamburg und Mitglied der EKD-Synode, auf den 11. Hochschultagen Berufliche Bildung im März 2000 in Hamburg. Rau wie Jepsen befassen sich kritisch mit der Trias Arbeit – Beruf – Bildung, der eine verhaltener, die andere bewusst kämpferisch.

Von 1986-1988 wurden im Forschungsprojekt "Öffnung des Berufsspektrums für junge Frauen der Bergischen Region" im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Wissenschaft Berufseinmündung und Berufsverlauf in sechs atypischen Berufen untersucht. Einer davon war der der Speditionskauffrau. 68 weibliche und 95 männliche Auszubildende dieses Berufes im ersten und dritten Lehrjahr wurden zur Ausbildungsmotivation, zum Ausbildungsverlauf, zu ihren beruflichen Zukunftsplänen und zu ihren Erwartungen an den Beruf befragt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß schon die Motivation und Interessen differieren, mit denen junge Frauen und junge Männer die Ausbildung aufnehmen, daß sich die Unterschiede in Interessen und Aufgabenwahrnehmung während der Ausbildung vertiefen und schließlich mit dem ersten Arbeitseinsatz nach der Ausbildung Weichen für die weiteren Berufsperspektiven gestellt werden. Trotz der ursprünglichen Präferenz von speditionellen Tätigkeiten der Frachtabfertigung und Frachtorganisation entscheiden sich die jungen Frauen dann eher für den Arbeitsplatz in kaufmännischen oder Verwaltungsabteilungen - vermutlich schon im Hinblick auf die spätere Vereinbarkeit der Berufsausübung mit Aufgaben in der Familie. Längerfristig wird die Ausbildung zur Speditionskauffrau mehr als eine von mehreren möglichen kaufmännischen Erstausbildungen gesehen und eventuell auf eine breitere Verwertbarkeit hin ausgebaut, weniger als spezifische Ausbildung für den Spediteurberuf.

Germany’s healthcare system is ailing. At the very least, it is facing major challenges. In the wake of demographic developments, the population’s treatment needs are growing and coordination between various care areas is becoming ever more complex, while the sector is seeing an increasing shortage of personnel at the same time. How can high quality healthcare be ensured in such a context? Which obstacles in the healthcare system need to be tackled? What is the role played by the digital transformation within this process, and how must specialist staff in the healthcare professions be trained? Dr. Katja Vonhoff provides responses to these and other questions in this interview.

Despite initial regulatory policy stipulations, interprofessional teaching and learning-in-training in the healthcare professions has not yet become universally established in Germany. A framework curriculum to promote competencies for interprofessional collaboration in nursing training was developed and piloted as part of the interEdu project. This article presents the background to the project and experiences so far.

Recommendation systems can help learners and companies with the selection of continuing training provision by issuing personalised suggestions. However, complex correlations need to be considered during the design concept and development of such systems, and the present article seeks to raise awareness of these. This applies both with regard to the application of such recommendation systems and in respect of their effectiveness.

Progress in education and training technology is offering new opportunities to personalise and support learning processes via the vehicle of adaptive learning environments. This article provides a compact overview of the possibilities, opportunities and challenges of adaptive learning environments for continuing training.

This article illustrates the opportunities offered by a digital workbench for the preparation of commercial examination assignments. The core element of the workbench consists of an extensive database containing tasks and examinations which have been empirically checked and which serve as a foundation for the construction of new competency-oriented assignments. The article focuses on the two key challenges of designing examination tasks in an authentic way and of determining the degree of difficulty of the assignments. An explanation is provided with regard to how the workbench is able to assist in handling these challenges successfully.

The shortage of qualified skilled workers is clearly discernible in many companies. At the same time, and flying in the face of the common clichés, there are large numbers of well-trained and qualified female migrants and refugees. This article illustrates the barriers which make it more difficult for this target group to be integrated into the labour market. It presents experiences which have been gleaned from the IQ NRW sub-project “ÖFFNUNGsZEITEN” and sets out the success factors which enable female migrants to be occupationally integrated in a way which is commensurate with their qualifications.

“The vocational education and training system is in crisis!” The reasons for such statements are multifarious in nature, but they regularly cause and have caused existing structures and VET regulatory work in particular to be called into question. A memorandum produced by DIETER EULER and ECKART SEVERING in the autumn of 2020 was one such example. Against this background, the present article provides insights into the regulatory work conducted by BIBB and shows how consensual cooperation serves as a vehicle for the successful development of occupations in the field of tension between continuity and change. The article also clarifies how regulatory work recognises developments at an early stage, integrates them into training occupations in a timely manner, and structures these occupations in a way that enables training to take place over the long term and across a broad basis.

The project “LernBAR – learning on the basis of augmented reality – an inclusive training concept for housekeeping” addresses the areas of potential offered by new technologies to develop work process related learning provision that supports people with learning difficulties. This article describes the opportunities and challenges of digital learning approaches for such persons and looks at both the technological and the didactic level.

 
Young people from a migrant background are less likely than others to progress to fully qualifying vocational education and training following completion of schooling. Company recruitment practices may be one of the reasons for it. This article makes reference to Imdorf’s convention-sociological model in investigating which selection criteria constitute the structure of company recruitment processes and how these affect the application success of young people from a migrant background. It shows that assessment of team adaptability plays a major role.
 

The KAUSA service agencies are drawing up regional action plans in order to help establish support structures for the topic of “training and migration”. The approach they adopt is dependent upon the respective regional facts and circumstances. The present article uses the KAUSA Agency for the Hanover region as an example in order to illustrate how company-oriented strategic networking can be initiated to drive forward joint planning processes.